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TATTVĀRTHĀDHIGAMASŪTRA
(Tatvarthasutram)
Shri Umasvami (Umasvati)
CHAPTER 1
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(VALID
KNOWLEDGE)
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I bow
to the Lord, the promulgator of the path to liberation, the
destroyer of mountains ( large heaps) of karmas and the knower of
the whole reality, so that I may realize these qualities.
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1. Right faith, right
knowledge, and right conduct (together) constitute the path to
liberation.
2. Belief in substances ascertained as
they are is right faith.
3. That
(This right
faith) is
attained by
intuition or
by acquisition of knowledge.
4. (The) soul, (the)
non-soul, influx,
bondage, stoppage,
gradual dissociation and liberation
constitute reality.
5. These
are installed
(in four
ways) by
name, representation, substance (potentiality) and actual state.
6. Knowledge (of the seven categories)
is attained by means of pramana
and naya.
7.
(Knowledge of
the seven categories
is attained)
by description, owner- ship,
cause, resting place (substratum), duration and division.
8. (The seven categories
are known)
also by existence, number (enumeration),
place or abode, extent of space (pervasion), time,
interval
of
time, thought-activity, and reciprocal comparison.
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9. Knowledge
is of five kinds –
sensory knowledge,
scriptural knowledge,
clairvoyance, telepathy and omniscience.
10. These (five kinds of
knowledge) are
the two
types of
pramäna (valid
-
knowledge).
11. The first two (kinds of knowledge) are
indirect (knowledge).
12. The remaining three constitute direct (knowledge).
13. Sensory cognition, remembrance,
recognition, induction and
deduction
are synonyms
14. That is caused by the senses and the mind.
15. (The four divisions of sensory knowledge
are) apprehension
(sensation),
speculation, perceptual
judgment and retention.
16. (The subdivision of each of these are) more,
many kinds,
quick, hidden,
unexpressed, lasting and their opposites.
Continued...
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